{"id":31600,"date":"2025-03-20T12:55:24","date_gmt":"2025-03-20T09:55:24","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/maor.haifa.ac.il\/?p=31600"},"modified":"2025-07-15T13:12:39","modified_gmt":"2025-07-15T10:12:39","slug":"%d8%a7%d9%84%d9%85%d9%86%d8%b8%d9%88%d8%b1-%d9%81%d9%8a-%d8%a7%d9%84%d8%b1%d8%b3%d9%85-%d9%85%d8%b3%d8%aa%d9%88%d9%89-%d8%b9%d8%a7%d8%af%d9%8a","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/maor.haifa.ac.il\/ar\/%d8%a7%d9%84%d9%85%d9%86%d8%b8%d9%88%d8%b1-%d9%81%d9%8a-%d8%a7%d9%84%d8%b1%d8%b3%d9%85-%d9%85%d8%b3%d8%aa%d9%88%d9%89-%d8%b9%d8%a7%d8%af%d9%8a\/","title":{"rendered":"\u0627\u0644\u0645\u0646\u0638\u0648\u0631 \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0631\u0633\u0645 \u2013 \u0645\u0633\u062a\u0648\u0649 \u0639\u0627\u062f\u064a"},"content":{"rendered":"\t\t<div data-elementor-type=\"wp-post\" data-elementor-id=\"31600\" class=\"elementor elementor-31600 elementor-31571\" data-elementor-post-type=\"post\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<section class=\"elementor-section elementor-top-section elementor-element elementor-element-d4f734c elementor-section-boxed elementor-section-height-default elementor-section-height-default\" data-id=\"d4f734c\" data-element_type=\"section\" data-e-type=\"section\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-container elementor-column-gap-default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-column elementor-col-100 elementor-top-column elementor-element elementor-element-2268522\" data-id=\"2268522\" data-element_type=\"column\" data-e-type=\"column\">\n\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-wrap elementor-element-populated\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<section class=\"elementor-section elementor-inner-section elementor-element elementor-element-326f378 elementor-section-boxed elementor-section-height-default elementor-section-height-default\" data-id=\"326f378\" data-element_type=\"section\" data-e-type=\"section\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-container elementor-column-gap-default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-column elementor-col-33 elementor-inner-column elementor-element elementor-element-aacf237\" data-id=\"aacf237\" data-element_type=\"column\" data-e-type=\"column\">\n\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-wrap\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-column elementor-col-33 elementor-inner-column elementor-element elementor-element-4c3cb9a\" data-id=\"4c3cb9a\" data-element_type=\"column\" data-e-type=\"column\">\n\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-wrap elementor-element-populated\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-7706716 elementor-widget elementor-widget-heading\" data-id=\"7706716\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"heading.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<h1 class=\"elementor-heading-title elementor-size-default\">\u0627\u0644\u0645\u0646\u0638\u0648\u0631 \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0631\u0633\u0645 (\u05e4\u05e8\u05e1\u05e4\u05e7\u05d8\u05d9\u05d1\u05d4)<\/h1>\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-column elementor-col-33 elementor-inner-column elementor-element elementor-element-2082a9f\" data-id=\"2082a9f\" data-element_type=\"column\" data-e-type=\"column\">\n\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-wrap elementor-element-populated\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-321add1 elementor-widget elementor-widget-image\" data-id=\"321add1\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"image.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<img decoding=\"async\" src=\"https:\/\/maor.haifa.ac.il\/wp-content\/uploads\/elementor\/thumbs\/\u05e8\u05de\u05d42-\u05e8\u05d2\u05d9\u05dc\u05d4-qbxwwgiuh0pzk8vxissscy2jxzwfn5jt5u8joopov8.png\" title=\"\u05e8\u05de\u05d42 \u05e8\u05d2\u05d9\u05dc\u05d4\" alt=\"\u05e8\u05de\u05d42 \u05e8\u05d2\u05d9\u05dc\u05d4\" loading=\"lazy\" \/>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/section>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/section>\n\t\t\t\t<section class=\"elementor-section elementor-top-section elementor-element elementor-element-a060131 elementor-section-full_width elementor-section-height-default elementor-section-height-default\" data-id=\"a060131\" data-element_type=\"section\" data-e-type=\"section\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-container elementor-column-gap-default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-column elementor-col-100 elementor-top-column elementor-element elementor-element-e6c46e8\" data-id=\"e6c46e8\" data-element_type=\"column\" data-e-type=\"column\">\n\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-wrap elementor-element-populated\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<section class=\"elementor-section elementor-inner-section elementor-element elementor-element-037ac68 elementor-section-full_width elementor-section-height-default elementor-section-height-default\" data-id=\"037ac68\" data-element_type=\"section\" data-e-type=\"section\" data-settings=\"{&quot;background_background&quot;:&quot;classic&quot;}\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-container elementor-column-gap-default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-column elementor-col-50 elementor-inner-column elementor-element elementor-element-6b236b1\" data-id=\"6b236b1\" data-element_type=\"column\" data-e-type=\"column\" data-settings=\"{&quot;background_background&quot;:&quot;classic&quot;}\">\n\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-wrap elementor-element-populated\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-c196755 elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"c196755\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<h2>\u0648\u0635\u0641 \u0627\u0644\u0648\u0636\u0639\u064a\u0651\u0629<\/h2><p>\u0623\u0645\u0627\u0645\u0643\u0645 \u0631\u0633\u0645\u0629 &#8220;\u0642\u0648\u0627\u0631\u0628 \u0635\u064a\u062f \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u0634\u0627\u0637\u0626&#8221; \u0631\u0633\u0645\u0647\u0627 \u0627\u0644\u0631\u0633\u0627\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0647\u0648\u0644\u0646\u062f\u064a <a href=\"https:\/\/ar.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/%D9%81%D9%8A%D9%86%D8%B3%D9%86%D8%AA_%D9%81%D8%A7%D9%86_%D8%AE%D9%88%D8%AE\"><span style=\"text-decoration: underline;\">\u0641\u064a\u0646\u0633\u0646\u062a \u0648\u064a\u0644\u064a\u0645 \u0641\u0627\u0646 \u062c\u0648\u062e<\/span><\/a> (1853-1890).<br \/>\u0646\u0631\u0649 \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0631\u0633\u0645\u0629 4 \u0642\u0648\u0627\u0631\u0628 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u064a\u0627\u0628\u0633\u0629 \u0648 4 \u0642\u0648\u0627\u0631\u0628 \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0628\u062d\u0631.<br \/>\u062a\u0638\u0647\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0642\u0648\u0627\u0631\u0628 \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0628\u062d\u0631 \u0623\u0635\u063a\u0631 \u0641\u0623\u0635\u063a\u0631 \u0643\u0644\u0651\u0645\u0627 \u0627\u0628\u062a\u0639\u062f\u062a\u060c \u0648\u0647\u0643\u0630\u0627 \u064a\u062d\u0635\u0644 \u0625\u062d\u0633\u0627\u0633 \u0628\u0627\u0644\u0645\u0633\u0627\u0641\u0629 \u0648\u0628\u0627\u0644\u0639\u0645\u0642 \u0627\u0644\u0631\u0633\u0645\u0629.<\/p>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-column elementor-col-50 elementor-inner-column elementor-element elementor-element-bab165c\" data-id=\"bab165c\" data-element_type=\"column\" data-e-type=\"column\">\n\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-wrap elementor-element-populated\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-737d29c elementor-widget elementor-widget-image\" data-id=\"737d29c\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"image.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<a href=\"https:\/\/maor.haifa.ac.il\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/03\/\u05e4\u05e8\u05e1\u05e4\u05e7\u05d8\u05d9\u05d1\u05d4-\u05d1\u05e6\u05d9\u05d5\u05e8-p01.png\" data-elementor-open-lightbox=\"yes\" data-elementor-lightbox-title=\"\u05e4\u05e8\u05e1\u05e4\u05e7\u05d8\u05d9\u05d1\u05d4 \u05d1\u05e6\u05d9\u05d5\u05e8-p01\" data-e-action-hash=\"#elementor-action%3Aaction%3Dlightbox%26settings%3DeyJpZCI6MzE1NzgsInVybCI6Imh0dHBzOlwvXC9tYW9yLmhhaWZhLmFjLmlsXC93cC1jb250ZW50XC91cGxvYWRzXC8yMDI1XC8wM1wvXHUwNWU0XHUwNWU4XHUwNWUxXHUwNWU0XHUwNWU3XHUwNWQ4XHUwNWQ5XHUwNWQxXHUwNWQ0LVx1MDVkMVx1MDVlNlx1MDVkOVx1MDVkNVx1MDVlOC1wMDEucG5nIn0%3D\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<img fetchpriority=\"high\" decoding=\"async\" width=\"491\" height=\"389\" src=\"https:\/\/maor.haifa.ac.il\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/03\/\u05e4\u05e8\u05e1\u05e4\u05e7\u05d8\u05d9\u05d1\u05d4-\u05d1\u05e6\u05d9\u05d5\u05e8-p01.png\" class=\"attachment-full size-full wp-image-31578\" alt=\"\" srcset=\"https:\/\/maor.haifa.ac.il\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/03\/\u05e4\u05e8\u05e1\u05e4\u05e7\u05d8\u05d9\u05d1\u05d4-\u05d1\u05e6\u05d9\u05d5\u05e8-p01.png 491w, https:\/\/maor.haifa.ac.il\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/03\/\u05e4\u05e8\u05e1\u05e4\u05e7\u05d8\u05d9\u05d1\u05d4-\u05d1\u05e6\u05d9\u05d5\u05e8-p01-300x238.png 300w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 491px) 100vw, 491px\" \/>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/a>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/section>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/section>\n\t\t\t\t<section class=\"elementor-section elementor-top-section elementor-element elementor-element-c6316f7 elementor-section-full_width elementor-section-height-min-height elementor-section-items-top elementor-section-height-default\" data-id=\"c6316f7\" data-element_type=\"section\" data-e-type=\"section\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-container elementor-column-gap-default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-column elementor-col-50 elementor-top-column elementor-element elementor-element-3c00ce3\" data-id=\"3c00ce3\" data-element_type=\"column\" data-e-type=\"column\">\n\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-wrap elementor-element-populated\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-ba9e5e8 elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"ba9e5e8\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<h2>\u0645\u0633\u0623\u0644\u0629<\/h2><p>\u0646\u062a\u0637\u0631\u0642 \u0641\u064a \u0647\u0630\u0647 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0633\u0623\u0644\u0629 \u0625\u0644\u0649 3 \u0642\u0648\u0627\u0631\u0628 (\u0645\u0646 \u0628\u064a\u0646 4) \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0648\u062c\u0648\u062f\u0629 \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0628\u062d\u0631.<br \/>\u0646\u064f\u0639\u0631\u0651\u0641 \u0627\u0644\u0642\u0627\u0631\u0628 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0648\u0644 \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0628\u062d\u0631 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0623\u0646\u0647 \u0647\u0648 \u0627\u0644\u0642\u0627\u0631\u0628 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0642\u0631\u0628 \u0625\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u0634\u0627\u0637\u0626.<br \/>\u064a\u0643\u0648\u0646 \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0631\u0633\u0645:<br \/>\u0627\u0631\u062a\u0641\u0627\u0639 \u0627\u0644\u0642\u0627\u0631\u0628 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0648\u0644 \u0647\u0648 9.4 \u0633\u0645.<br \/>\u0627\u0631\u062a\u0641\u0627\u0639 \u0627\u0644\u0642\u0627\u0631\u0628 \u0627\u0644\u062b\u0627\u0646\u064a \u0647\u0648 8.2 \u0633\u0645.<br \/>\u0627\u0631\u062a\u0641\u0627\u0639 \u0627\u0644\u0642\u0627\u0631\u0628 \u0627\u0644\u062b\u0627\u0644\u062b \u0647\u0648 3.5 \u0633\u0645.<br \/>\u0627\u0644\u0628\u064f\u0639\u062f \u0628\u064a\u0646 \u0623\u0648\u0644 \u0642\u0627\u0631\u0628\u064a\u0646 \u0647\u0648 1.1 \u0633\u0645.<\/p><p>\u062c\u062f\u0648\u0627 \u0628\u064f\u0639\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0642\u0627\u0631\u0628 \u0627\u0644\u062b\u0627\u0644\u062b \u0639\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0642\u0627\u0631\u0628 \u0627\u0644\u062b\u0627\u0646\u064a, \u0643\u0645\u0627 \u064a\u0646\u0639\u0643\u0633 \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0631\u0633\u0645.<br \/>\u0627\u0646\u0638\u0631\u0648\u0627 <strong>\u0627\u0644\u0627\u0631\u0634\u0627\u062f<\/strong> \u0641\u064a\u0645\u0627 \u0628\u0639\u062f.<\/p>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<section class=\"elementor-section elementor-inner-section elementor-element elementor-element-a262ca9 elementor-section-boxed elementor-section-height-default elementor-section-height-default\" data-id=\"a262ca9\" data-element_type=\"section\" data-e-type=\"section\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-container elementor-column-gap-default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-column elementor-col-50 elementor-inner-column elementor-element elementor-element-3e4171d\" data-id=\"3e4171d\" data-element_type=\"column\" data-e-type=\"column\">\n\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-wrap elementor-element-populated\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-3c861aa elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"3c861aa\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<h3>\u0627\u0631\u0634\u0627\u062f<\/h3><p><strong>\u0628\u0646\u0627\u0621 \u0645\u0633\u0627\u0639\u062f<\/strong>: FN \u064a\u0648\u0627\u0632\u064a BE \u0648\u064a\u0642\u0637\u0639 CD \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0646\u0642\u0637\u0629 L.<br \/>\u0623\u200c. \u062c\u062f\u0648\u0627 \u0623\u0637\u0648\u0627\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0642\u0637\u0639 LC\u060c NB \u0648NL.<br \/>\u0628\u200c. \u062c\u062f\u0648\u0627 \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0631\u0633\u0645 \u0645\u062b\u0644\u0651\u062b\u064a\u0646 \u0645\u062a\u0634\u0627\u0628\u0647\u064a\u0646.<br \/>\u062a\u200c. \u062c\u062f\u0648\u0627 \u0637\u0648\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0642\u0637\u0639\u0629 LF.<br \/>\u062b\u200c. \u062c\u062f\u0648\u0627 \u0628\u064f\u0639\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0642\u0627\u0631\u0628 \u0627\u0644\u062b\u0627\u0644\u062b \u0639\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0642\u0627\u0631\u0628 \u0627\u0644\u062b\u0627\u0646\u064a.<\/p>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-column elementor-col-50 elementor-inner-column elementor-element elementor-element-e71c7c6\" data-id=\"e71c7c6\" data-element_type=\"column\" data-e-type=\"column\">\n\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-wrap elementor-element-populated\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-1f6fd21 elementor-widget elementor-widget-image\" data-id=\"1f6fd21\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"image.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<a href=\"https:\/\/maor.haifa.ac.il\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/03\/\u05e4\u05e8\u05e1\u05e4\u05e7\u05d8\u05d9\u05d1\u05d4-\u05d1\u05e6\u05d9\u05d5\u05e8-p03.png\" data-elementor-open-lightbox=\"yes\" data-elementor-lightbox-title=\"\u05e4\u05e8\u05e1\u05e4\u05e7\u05d8\u05d9\u05d1\u05d4 \u05d1\u05e6\u05d9\u05d5\u05e8-p03\" data-e-action-hash=\"#elementor-action%3Aaction%3Dlightbox%26settings%3DeyJpZCI6MzE1NzYsInVybCI6Imh0dHBzOlwvXC9tYW9yLmhhaWZhLmFjLmlsXC93cC1jb250ZW50XC91cGxvYWRzXC8yMDI1XC8wM1wvXHUwNWU0XHUwNWU4XHUwNWUxXHUwNWU0XHUwNWU3XHUwNWQ4XHUwNWQ5XHUwNWQxXHUwNWQ0LVx1MDVkMVx1MDVlNlx1MDVkOVx1MDVkNVx1MDVlOC1wMDMucG5nIn0%3D\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<img decoding=\"async\" width=\"191\" height=\"300\" src=\"https:\/\/maor.haifa.ac.il\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/03\/\u05e4\u05e8\u05e1\u05e4\u05e7\u05d8\u05d9\u05d1\u05d4-\u05d1\u05e6\u05d9\u05d5\u05e8-p03-191x300.png\" class=\"attachment-medium size-medium wp-image-31576\" alt=\"\" srcset=\"https:\/\/maor.haifa.ac.il\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/03\/\u05e4\u05e8\u05e1\u05e4\u05e7\u05d8\u05d9\u05d1\u05d4-\u05d1\u05e6\u05d9\u05d5\u05e8-p03-191x300.png 191w, https:\/\/maor.haifa.ac.il\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/03\/\u05e4\u05e8\u05e1\u05e4\u05e7\u05d8\u05d9\u05d1\u05d4-\u05d1\u05e6\u05d9\u05d5\u05e8-p03.png 316w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 191px) 100vw, 191px\" \/>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/a>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/section>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-cbef26b elementor-widget__width-inherit elementor-widget elementor-widget-toggle\" data-id=\"cbef26b\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"toggle.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-toggle\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-toggle-item\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div id=\"elementor-tab-title-2131\" class=\"elementor-tab-title\" data-tab=\"1\" role=\"button\" aria-controls=\"elementor-tab-content-2131\" aria-expanded=\"false\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<span class=\"elementor-toggle-icon elementor-toggle-icon-right\" aria-hidden=\"true\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<span class=\"elementor-toggle-icon-closed\"><i class=\"fas fa-caret-left\"><\/i><\/span>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<span class=\"elementor-toggle-icon-opened\"><i class=\"elementor-toggle-icon-opened fas fa-caret-up\"><\/i><\/span>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/span>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<a class=\"elementor-toggle-title\" tabindex=\"0\">\u062a\u0639\u0644\u064a\u0645\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0633\u062a\u062e\u062f\u0627\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0637\u0628\u064a\u0642<\/a>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\n\t\t\t\t\t<div id=\"elementor-tab-content-2131\" class=\"elementor-tab-content elementor-clearfix\" data-tab=\"1\" role=\"region\" aria-labelledby=\"elementor-tab-title-2131\"><p><a href=\"https:\/\/www.geogebra.org\/m\/zuphghd7\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\"><span style=\"text-decoration: underline;\">\u062a\u0637\u0628\u064a\u0642<\/span><\/a><\/p><ul><li>\u0627\u0644\u0646\u0642\u0631 \u0639\u0644\u0649 &#8220;\u0645\u0642\u0637\u0639&#8221; \u064a\u0639\u0631\u0636 \u0627\u0644\u0642\u0648\u0627\u0631\u0628 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0648\u062c\u0648\u062f\u0629 \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0628\u062d\u0631\u060c \u0648\u064a\u0645\u0643\u0646 \u0628\u0645\u0634\u0627\u0647\u062f\u0629 \u0631\u0633\u0645 \u062a\u062e\u0637\u064a\u0637\u064a.<\/li><\/ul><\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-a21db17 elementor-widget elementor-widget-toggle\" data-id=\"a21db17\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"toggle.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-toggle\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-toggle-item\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div id=\"elementor-tab-title-1691\" class=\"elementor-tab-title\" data-tab=\"1\" role=\"button\" aria-controls=\"elementor-tab-content-1691\" aria-expanded=\"false\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<span class=\"elementor-toggle-icon elementor-toggle-icon-right\" aria-hidden=\"true\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<span class=\"elementor-toggle-icon-closed\"><i class=\"fas fa-caret-left\"><\/i><\/span>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<span class=\"elementor-toggle-icon-opened\"><i class=\"elementor-toggle-icon-opened fas fa-caret-up\"><\/i><\/span>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/span>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<a class=\"elementor-toggle-title\" tabindex=\"0\">\u0645\u0635\u0627\u062f\u0631<\/a>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\n\t\t\t\t\t<div id=\"elementor-tab-content-1691\" class=\"elementor-tab-content elementor-clearfix\" data-tab=\"1\" role=\"region\" aria-labelledby=\"elementor-tab-title-1691\"><p style=\"text-align: left;\"><em>Fishing Boats on the Beach at Saintes-Maries<\/em>, June 1888,\u00a0<a href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Van_Gogh_Museum\"><span style=\"text-decoration: underline;\">Van Gogh Museum<\/span><\/a>, Amsterdam, Netherlands (F413)<\/p><p><a href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Saintes-Maries_(Van_Gogh_series)#\/media\/File:Vissersboten_op_het_strand_van_Les_Saintes-Maries-de-la-Mer_-_s0028V1962_-_Van_Gogh_Museum.jpg\"><span style=\"text-decoration: underline;\">\u0642\u0648\u0627\u0631\u0628 \u0635\u064a\u062f \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u0634\u0627\u0637\u0626<\/span><\/a> (\u0648\u064a\u0643\u064a\u0628\u064a\u062f\u064a\u0627)<\/p><\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-column elementor-col-50 elementor-top-column elementor-element elementor-element-b255089\" data-id=\"b255089\" data-element_type=\"column\" data-e-type=\"column\">\n\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-wrap elementor-element-populated\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-73c1725 elementor-widget elementor-widget-html\" data-id=\"73c1725\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"html.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<iframe scrolling=\"no\" title=\"\u05e4\u05e8\u05e1\u05e4\u05e7\u05d8\u05d9\u05d1\u05d4 \u05d1\u05e6\u05d9\u05d5\u05e8 (\u05e2\u05e8)\" src=\"https:\/\/www.geogebra.org\/material\/iframe\/id\/yvzabtyc\/width\/587\/height\/400\/border\/888888\/sfsb\/true\/smb\/false\/stb\/false\/stbh\/false\/ai\/false\/asb\/false\/sri\/true\/rc\/false\/ld\/false\/sdz\/false\/ctl\/false\" width=\"587px\" height=\"400px\" style=\"border:0px;\"> <\/iframe>\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/section>\n\t\t\t\t<section class=\"elementor-section elementor-top-section elementor-element elementor-element-0ce99c4 elementor-section-full_width elementor-section-height-min-height elementor-section-height-default elementor-section-items-middle\" data-id=\"0ce99c4\" data-element_type=\"section\" data-e-type=\"section\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-container elementor-column-gap-default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-column elementor-col-100 elementor-top-column elementor-element elementor-element-c790b97\" data-id=\"c790b97\" data-element_type=\"column\" data-e-type=\"column\">\n\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-wrap elementor-element-populated\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-4e06530 elementor-widget elementor-widget-spacer\" data-id=\"4e06530\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"spacer.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-spacer\">\n\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-spacer-inner\"><\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-5464a7b elementor-widget-divider--view-line_icon elementor-view-default elementor-widget-divider--element-align-center elementor-widget elementor-widget-divider\" data-id=\"5464a7b\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"divider.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-divider\">\n\t\t\t<span class=\"elementor-divider-separator\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-icon elementor-divider__element\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<i aria-hidden=\"true\" class=\"fas fa-caret-down\"><\/i><\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/span>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-5409129 elementor-widget elementor-widget-heading\" data-id=\"5409129\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"heading.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<h2 class=\"elementor-heading-title elementor-size-default\">\u0645\u0644\u0641 \u0644\u0644\u062a\u0646\u0632\u064a\u0644 \u0648\u0625\u0646\u062a\u0642\u0627\u0644 \u0625\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0633\u062a\u0648\u064a\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062e\u062a\u0644\u0641\u0629\u200b<\/h2>\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<section class=\"elementor-section elementor-inner-section elementor-element elementor-element-3978f47 elementor-section-boxed elementor-section-height-default elementor-section-height-default\" data-id=\"3978f47\" data-element_type=\"section\" data-e-type=\"section\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-container elementor-column-gap-default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-column elementor-col-33 elementor-inner-column elementor-element elementor-element-30aab2b\" data-id=\"30aab2b\" data-element_type=\"column\" data-e-type=\"column\">\n\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-wrap elementor-element-populated\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-6c437cc elementor-align-center elementor-widget elementor-widget-button\" data-id=\"6c437cc\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"button.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-button-wrapper\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<a class=\"elementor-button elementor-button-link elementor-size-sm\" href=\"https:\/\/maor.haifa.ac.il\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/03\/\u05e4\u05e8\u05e1\u05e4\u05e7\u05d8\u05d9\u05d1\u05d4-\u05d1\u05e6\u05d9\u05d5\u05e8-\u05dc\u05ea\u05dc\u05de\u05d9\u05d3-\u0627\u0644\u0639\u0631\u0628\u064a\u0629-\u05e8\u05de\u05d4-\u05e8\u05d2\u05d9\u05dc\u05d4-\u05de\u05d0\u05d5\u05e8.pdf\" target=\"_blank\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<span class=\"elementor-button-content-wrapper\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<span class=\"elementor-button-icon\">\n\t\t\t\t<i aria-hidden=\"true\" class=\"fas fa-angle-double-down\"><\/i>\t\t\t<\/span>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<span class=\"elementor-button-text\">\u0645\u0644\u0641 \u0644\u0644\u062a\u0646\u0632\u064a\u0644<\/span>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/span>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/a>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-column elementor-col-33 elementor-inner-column elementor-element elementor-element-23ba747\" data-id=\"23ba747\" data-element_type=\"column\" data-e-type=\"column\">\n\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-wrap\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-column elementor-col-33 elementor-inner-column elementor-element elementor-element-850989c\" data-id=\"850989c\" data-element_type=\"column\" data-e-type=\"column\">\n\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-wrap elementor-element-populated\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-3444c68 elementor-widget elementor-widget-image\" data-id=\"3444c68\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"image.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<a href=\"https:\/\/maor.haifa.ac.il\/ar\/\u0627\u0644\u0645\u0646\u0638\u0648\u0631-\u0641\u064a-\u0627\u0644\u0631\u0633\u0645-\u0645\u0633\u062a\u0648\u0649-\u0645\u062a\u0642\u062f\u0645\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<img decoding=\"async\" width=\"210\" height=\"180\" src=\"https:\/\/maor.haifa.ac.il\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/09\/\u05e8\u05de\u05d43-\u05de\u05ea\u05e7\u05d3\u05de\u05ea.png\" class=\"attachment-full size-full wp-image-6137\" alt=\"\" \/>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/a>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/section>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-9244fbc elementor-widget elementor-widget-spacer\" data-id=\"9244fbc\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"spacer.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-spacer\">\n\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-spacer-inner\"><\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/section>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"<p>\u0627\u0644\u0645\u0646\u0638\u0648\u0631 \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0631\u0633\u0645 (\u05e4\u05e8\u05e1\u05e4\u05e7\u05d8\u05d9\u05d1\u05d4) \u0648\u0635\u0641 \u0627\u0644\u0648\u0636\u0639\u064a\u0651\u0629 \u0623\u0645\u0627\u0645\u0643\u0645 \u0631\u0633\u0645\u0629 &#8220;\u0642\u0648\u0627\u0631\u0628 \u0635\u064a\u062f \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u0634\u0627\u0637\u0626&#8221; \u0631\u0633\u0645\u0647\u0627 \u0627\u0644\u0631\u0633\u0627\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0647\u0648\u0644\u0646\u062f\u064a \u0641\u064a\u0646\u0633\u0646\u062a \u0648\u064a\u0644\u064a\u0645 \u0641\u0627\u0646 \u062c\u0648\u062e (1853-1890).\u0646\u0631\u0649 \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0631\u0633\u0645\u0629 4 \u0642\u0648\u0627\u0631\u0628 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u064a\u0627\u0628\u0633\u0629 \u0648 4 \u0642\u0648\u0627\u0631\u0628 \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0628\u062d\u0631.\u062a\u0638\u0647\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0642\u0648\u0627\u0631\u0628 \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0628\u062d\u0631 \u0623\u0635\u063a\u0631 \u0641\u0623\u0635\u063a\u0631 \u0643\u0644\u0651\u0645\u0627 \u0627\u0628\u062a\u0639\u062f\u062a\u060c \u0648\u0647\u0643\u0630\u0627 \u064a\u062d\u0635\u0644 \u0625\u062d\u0633\u0627\u0633 \u0628\u0627\u0644\u0645\u0633\u0627\u0641\u0629 \u0648\u0628\u0627\u0644\u0639\u0645\u0642 \u0627\u0644\u0631\u0633\u0645\u0629. \u0645\u0633\u0623\u0644\u0629 \u0646\u062a\u0637\u0631\u0642 \u0641\u064a \u0647\u0630\u0647 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0633\u0623\u0644\u0629 \u0625\u0644\u0649 3 \u0642\u0648\u0627\u0631\u0628 (\u0645\u0646 \u0628\u064a\u0646 4) 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