{"id":26283,"date":"2024-10-31T08:24:38","date_gmt":"2024-10-31T05:24:38","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/maor.haifa.ac.il\/?p=26283"},"modified":"2025-10-13T21:55:09","modified_gmt":"2025-10-13T18:55:09","slug":"%d8%ae%d8%b7-%d8%a7%d9%84%d8%a3%d9%81%d9%82-%d8%a8%d9%8a%d8%a7%d9%86%d9%8a%d9%8b%d9%91%d8%a7-%d9%85%d8%b3%d8%aa%d9%88%d9%89-%d9%85%d8%aa%d9%82%d8%af%d9%85","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/maor.haifa.ac.il\/ar\/%d8%ae%d8%b7-%d8%a7%d9%84%d8%a3%d9%81%d9%82-%d8%a8%d9%8a%d8%a7%d9%86%d9%8a%d9%8b%d9%91%d8%a7-%d9%85%d8%b3%d8%aa%d9%88%d9%89-%d9%85%d8%aa%d9%82%d8%af%d9%85\/","title":{"rendered":"\u0643\u0645 \u0647\u0648 \u0628\u0639\u064a\u062f \u062e\u0637 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0641\u0642 \u2013 \u0628\u064a\u0627\u0646\u064a\u0651\u064b\u0627 \u2013 \u0645\u0633\u062a\u0648\u0649 \u0645\u062a\u0642\u062f\u0645"},"content":{"rendered":"\t\t<div data-elementor-type=\"wp-post\" data-elementor-id=\"26283\" class=\"elementor elementor-26283 elementor-26282\" data-elementor-post-type=\"post\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<section class=\"elementor-section elementor-top-section elementor-element elementor-element-359969f elementor-section-boxed elementor-section-height-default elementor-section-height-default\" data-id=\"359969f\" data-element_type=\"section\" data-e-type=\"section\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-container elementor-column-gap-default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-column elementor-col-100 elementor-top-column elementor-element elementor-element-7c0e642\" data-id=\"7c0e642\" data-element_type=\"column\" data-e-type=\"column\">\n\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-wrap elementor-element-populated\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<section class=\"elementor-section elementor-inner-section elementor-element elementor-element-7da22e6 elementor-section-boxed elementor-section-height-default elementor-section-height-default\" data-id=\"7da22e6\" data-element_type=\"section\" data-e-type=\"section\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-container elementor-column-gap-default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-column elementor-col-33 elementor-inner-column elementor-element elementor-element-3c1ea87\" data-id=\"3c1ea87\" data-element_type=\"column\" data-e-type=\"column\">\n\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-wrap\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-column elementor-col-33 elementor-inner-column elementor-element elementor-element-226766c\" data-id=\"226766c\" data-element_type=\"column\" data-e-type=\"column\">\n\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-wrap elementor-element-populated\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-f3f0f0d elementor-widget elementor-widget-heading\" data-id=\"f3f0f0d\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"heading.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<h1 class=\"elementor-heading-title elementor-size-default\">\u0643\u0645 \u0647\u0648 \u0628\u0639\u064a\u062f \u062e\u0637 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0641\u0642 \u2013 \u0628\u064a\u0627\u0646\u064a\u0651\u064b\u0627<\/h1>\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-column elementor-col-33 elementor-inner-column elementor-element elementor-element-962358d\" data-id=\"962358d\" data-element_type=\"column\" data-e-type=\"column\">\n\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-wrap elementor-element-populated\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-e5c21f5 elementor-widget elementor-widget-image\" data-id=\"e5c21f5\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"image.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<img decoding=\"async\" src=\"https:\/\/maor.haifa.ac.il\/wp-content\/uploads\/elementor\/thumbs\/\u05e8\u05de\u05d43-\u05de\u05ea\u05e7\u05d3\u05de\u05ea-qbxwwjcd1ituj2ru2c0o2fcxq5ija8v068704ilick.png\" title=\"\u05e8\u05de\u05d43 \u05de\u05ea\u05e7\u05d3\u05de\u05ea\" alt=\"\u05e8\u05de\u05d43 \u05de\u05ea\u05e7\u05d3\u05de\u05ea\" loading=\"lazy\" \/>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/section>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/section>\n\t\t\t\t<section class=\"elementor-section elementor-top-section elementor-element elementor-element-1ca4a98 elementor-section-full_width elementor-section-height-default elementor-section-height-default\" data-id=\"1ca4a98\" data-element_type=\"section\" data-e-type=\"section\" data-settings=\"{&quot;background_background&quot;:&quot;classic&quot;}\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-container elementor-column-gap-default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-column elementor-col-100 elementor-top-column elementor-element elementor-element-cbd0e1f\" data-id=\"cbd0e1f\" data-element_type=\"column\" data-e-type=\"column\">\n\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-wrap elementor-element-populated\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<section class=\"elementor-section elementor-inner-section elementor-element elementor-element-c156e22 elementor-section-full_width elementor-section-height-default elementor-section-height-default\" data-id=\"c156e22\" data-element_type=\"section\" data-e-type=\"section\" data-settings=\"{&quot;background_background&quot;:&quot;classic&quot;}\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-container elementor-column-gap-default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-column elementor-col-50 elementor-inner-column elementor-element elementor-element-b5c9197\" data-id=\"b5c9197\" data-element_type=\"column\" data-e-type=\"column\">\n\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-wrap elementor-element-populated\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-76e0b00 elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"76e0b00\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<h2>\u0648\u0635\u0641 \u0627\u0644\u0648\u0636\u0639\u064a\u0647<\/h2><h3 style=\"padding-right: 20px;\">\u062a\u0639\u0631\u064a\u0641\u0627\u062a \u0623\u0633\u0627\u0633\u064a\u0651\u0629<\/h3><ol class=\"arb\"><li><strong>\u062e\u0637 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0641\u0642<\/strong> \u0647\u0648 \u062e\u0637 \u0627\u0644\u0631\u0624\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0641\u0642\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0630\u064a \u0647\u0648 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u0631\u062a\u0641\u0627\u0639 \u0639\u064a\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u064f\u0634\u0627\u0647\u062f. <br \/>\u064a\u0645\u0631\u0651 \u062e\u0637 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0641\u0642 \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0644\u062a\u0642\u0627\u0621 \u0627\u0644\u062e\u064a\u0627\u0644\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0630\u064a \u064a\u0645\u0643\u0646 \u0645\u0634\u0627\u0647\u062f\u062a\u0647 \u0628\u064a\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0633\u0645\u0627\u0621 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0623\u0631\u0636 \u0623\u0648 \u0627\u0644\u0628\u062d\u0631.<br \/>\u064a\u0646\u062a\u062c \u062e\u0637 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0641\u0642 \u0645\u0646 \u0625\u0646\u062d\u0646\u0627\u0621\u0627\u062a \u0633\u0637\u062d \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0631\u0636\u060c \u0644\u0630\u0644\u0643 \u0644\u0627 \u064a\u0633\u062a\u0637\u064a\u0639 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u064f\u0634\u0627\u0647\u062f \u0631\u0624\u064a\u0629 \u0648\u062c\u0647 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0631\u0636 \u0645\u0627 \u0628\u0639\u062f \u062e\u0637 \u0645\u0639\u064a\u0651\u0646\u060c \u0648\u0647\u0630\u0627 \u0647\u0648 \u062e\u0637 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0641\u0642.<\/li><li>\u0646\u064f\u0639\u064a\u0651\u0646 \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0631\u0633\u0645 (\u0627\u0646\u0638\u0631\u0648\u0627 \u0627\u0644\u0631\u0633\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u062e\u0637\u064a\u0637\u064a \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u062c\u0647\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u064a\u0633\u0631\u0649): <br \/>\u0646\u0635\u0641 \u0642\u0637\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0643\u0631\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0631\u0636\u064a\u0629 R (\u0646\u0641\u0631\u0636 \u0623\u0646 6,371 \u0643\u0645 = R).<br \/>\u0648\u0646\u0642\u0637\u0629 M \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u062e\u0637 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0641\u0642 \u2013 \u0647\u0630\u0647 \u0646\u0642\u0637\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u064a \u064a\u062a\u0645 \u062a\u0648\u0651\u062c\u064a\u0647 \u0646\u0638\u0631\u0646\u0627 \u0625\u0644\u064a\u0647\u0627.<\/li><li>\u0646\u064f\u0639\u0631\u0651\u0641 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062a\u063a\u064a\u0651\u0631\u0627\u062a \u0648\u0646\u0639\u064a\u0651\u0646\u0647\u0627 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u0631\u0633\u0645: <br \/>h &#8211; \u0627\u0631\u062a\u0641\u0627\u0639 \u0639\u064a\u0648\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0634\u0627\u0647\u062f \u0639\u0646 \u0633\u0637\u062d \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0631\u0636.<br \/>\\(d (BM)\\) &#8211; \u0627\u0644\u0628\u064f\u0639\u062f (\u0628\u062e\u0637 \u0645\u0633\u062a\u0642\u064a\u0645) \u0639\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0646\u0642\u0637\u0629 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u062e\u0637 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0641\u0642.<\/li><li>\u0645\u0639\u0637\u0649 \u0623\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062b\u0644\u062b OMB \u0627\u0644\u0646\u0627\u062a\u062c\u060c \u0647\u0648 \u0645\u062b\u0644\u062b \u0642\u0627\u0626\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0632\u0627\u0648\u064a\u0629 (\\({\\measuredangle{M}=90^{\\circ}}\\))<\/li><\/ol><p>*\u0627\u0644\u0643\u0631\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0631\u0636\u064a\u0629 \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0648\u0627\u0642\u0639 \u0647\u064a \u0644\u064a\u0633\u062a \u0643\u0631\u0629 \u0645\u0646\u062a\u0638\u0645\u0629.<\/p>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-column elementor-col-50 elementor-inner-column elementor-element elementor-element-a92d4cd\" data-id=\"a92d4cd\" data-element_type=\"column\" data-e-type=\"column\">\n\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-wrap elementor-element-populated\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-9bd0488 elementor-widget elementor-widget-image\" data-id=\"9bd0488\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"image.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<a href=\"https:\/\/maor.haifa.ac.il\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/10\/\u05e7\u05d5-\u05d4\u05d0\u05d5\u05e4\u05e7-p01-ar.png\" data-elementor-open-lightbox=\"yes\" data-elementor-lightbox-title=\"\u05e7\u05d5 \u05d4\u05d0\u05d5\u05e4\u05e7-p01-ar\" data-e-action-hash=\"#elementor-action%3Aaction%3Dlightbox%26settings%3DeyJpZCI6MjYyNzUsInVybCI6Imh0dHBzOlwvXC9tYW9yLmhhaWZhLmFjLmlsXC93cC1jb250ZW50XC91cGxvYWRzXC8yMDI0XC8xMFwvXHUwNWU3XHUwNWQ1LVx1MDVkNFx1MDVkMFx1MDVkNVx1MDVlNFx1MDVlNy1wMDEtYXIucG5nIn0%3D\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<img fetchpriority=\"high\" decoding=\"async\" width=\"246\" height=\"300\" src=\"https:\/\/maor.haifa.ac.il\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/10\/\u05e7\u05d5-\u05d4\u05d0\u05d5\u05e4\u05e7-p01-ar-246x300.png\" class=\"attachment-medium size-medium wp-image-26275\" alt=\"\" srcset=\"https:\/\/maor.haifa.ac.il\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/10\/\u05e7\u05d5-\u05d4\u05d0\u05d5\u05e4\u05e7-p01-ar-246x300.png 246w, https:\/\/maor.haifa.ac.il\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/10\/\u05e7\u05d5-\u05d4\u05d0\u05d5\u05e4\u05e7-p01-ar.png 583w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 246px) 100vw, 246px\" \/>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/a>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-68e2cab elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"68e2cab\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<p style=\"text-align: center;\">(\u064a\u0645\u0643\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0636\u063a\u0637 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0623\u064a \u0635\u0648\u0631\u0629 \u0648\u0631\u0633\u0645 \u0648\u062a\u0643\u0628\u064a\u0631\u0647\u0627)<\/p>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/section>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/section>\n\t\t\t\t<section class=\"elementor-section elementor-top-section elementor-element elementor-element-de17d19 elementor-section-full_width elementor-section-height-default elementor-section-height-default\" data-id=\"de17d19\" data-element_type=\"section\" data-e-type=\"section\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-container elementor-column-gap-default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-column elementor-col-100 elementor-top-column elementor-element elementor-element-d98600f\" data-id=\"d98600f\" data-element_type=\"column\" data-e-type=\"column\">\n\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-wrap elementor-element-populated\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<section class=\"elementor-section elementor-inner-section elementor-element elementor-element-4781a48 elementor-section-full_width elementor-section-height-min-height elementor-section-height-default\" data-id=\"4781a48\" data-element_type=\"section\" data-e-type=\"section\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-container elementor-column-gap-default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-column elementor-col-50 elementor-inner-column elementor-element elementor-element-680c31e\" data-id=\"680c31e\" data-element_type=\"column\" data-e-type=\"column\" data-settings=\"{&quot;background_background&quot;:&quot;classic&quot;,&quot;background_motion_fx_motion_fx_scrolling&quot;:&quot;yes&quot;,&quot;background_motion_fx_translateY_effect&quot;:&quot;yes&quot;,&quot;background_motion_fx_range&quot;:&quot;viewport&quot;,&quot;background_motion_fx_translateY_speed&quot;:{&quot;unit&quot;:&quot;px&quot;,&quot;size&quot;:4,&quot;sizes&quot;:[]},&quot;background_motion_fx_translateY_affectedRange&quot;:{&quot;unit&quot;:&quot;%&quot;,&quot;size&quot;:&quot;&quot;,&quot;sizes&quot;:{&quot;start&quot;:0,&quot;end&quot;:100}},&quot;background_motion_fx_devices&quot;:[&quot;desktop&quot;,&quot;tablet&quot;,&quot;mobile&quot;]}\">\n\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-wrap elementor-element-populated\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-3cc4042 elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"3cc4042\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<h2>\u0645\u0633\u0623\u0644\u0629<\/h2><p>\u0645\u0639\u0637\u0649 \u062e\u0637 \u0628\u064a\u0627\u0646\u064a \u0644\u0644\u062f\u0627\u0644\u0629 \\(d(h)\\ \u0627\u0644\u062a\u064a \u062a\u0635\u0641 \u0628\u064f\u0639\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0645\u064f\u0634\u0627\u0647\u062f \\(d\\) (\u0628\u0627\u0644\u0643\u0645) \u0639\u0646 \u062e\u0637 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0641\u0642,<br \/>\u0643\u062f\u0627\u0644\u0629 \u0644\u0627\u0631\u062a\u0641\u0627\u0639 \u0639\u064a\u0646\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0634\u0627\u0647\u062f \\(h\\) (\u0628\u0627\u0644\u0643\u0645) \u0641\u0648\u0642 \u0633\u0637\u062d \u0627\u0644\u0643\u0631\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0631\u0636\u064a\u0629.<\/p><ol class=\"arb\"><li>\u0645\u062d\u0637\u0629 \u0641\u0636\u0627\u0626\u064a\u0629 \u0645\u0648\u062c\u0648\u062f\u0629 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u0631\u062a\u0641\u0627\u0639 400 \u0643\u0645 \u0641\u0648\u0642 \u0633\u0637\u062d \u0627\u0644\u0643\u0631\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0631\u0636\u064a\u0629.<br \/>\u064a\u0646\u0638\u0631 \u0631\u0627\u0626\u062f \u0641\u0636\u0627\u0621 \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062d\u0637\u0629 \u0646\u062d\u0648 \u0627\u0644\u0643\u0631\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0631\u0636\u064a\u0629. \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0623\u064a \u0628\u064f\u0639\u062f\u064d \u064a\u0643\u0648\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0641\u0642 \u0645\u0631\u0626\u064a\u064b\u0627 \u0645\u0646\u0647\u061f<br \/>\u0641\u0633\u0651\u0631\u0648\u0627 \u062a\u062d\u062f\u064a\u062f\u0643\u0645 \u0648\u0639\u064a\u0651\u0646\u0648\u0627 \u0625\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u0646\u0642\u0637\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0644\u0627\u0626\u0645\u0629 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u062e\u0637.<\/li><li>\u062d\u062f\u062f\u00a0<a href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Alan_Eustace\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\"><span style=\"text-decoration: underline;\">\u0623\u0644\u0627\u0646 \u064a\u0648\u0633\u062a\u0633<\/span><\/a> (Robert Alan Eustace) \u0646\u0627\u0626\u0628 \u0627\u0644\u0631\u0626\u064a\u0633 \u0641\u064a \u0634\u0631\u0643\u0629 \u062c\u0648\u062c\u0644\u060c \u0641\u064a \u0633\u0646\u0629 2014\u060c \u0631\u0642\u0645\u064b\u0627 \u0642\u064a\u0627\u0633\u064a\u064b\u0627 \u0639\u0627\u0644\u0645\u064a\u064b\u0627 \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0633\u0642\u0648\u0637 \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0651\u0631 \u0639\u0646 \u0627\u0631\u062a\u0641\u0627\u0639 41 \u0643\u0645.<br \/><strong>1.<\/strong> \u0627\u062d\u0633\u0628\u0648\u0627 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062f\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u0630\u064a \u0643\u0627\u0646 \u064a\u0641\u0635\u0644 \u0623\u0644\u0627\u0646 \u064a\u0648\u0633\u062a\u0633 \u0639\u0646 \u062e\u0637 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0641\u0642\u060c \u0641\u064a \u0628\u062f\u0627\u064a\u0629 \u0645\u0633\u0627\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0633\u0642\u0648\u0637 \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0631.<br \/><strong>2.<\/strong> \u0639\u064a\u0651\u0646\u0648\u0627 \u0646\u0642\u0637\u0629 \u0645\u0644\u0627\u0626\u0645\u0629 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u062e\u0637 \u0627\u0644\u0628\u064a\u0627\u0646\u064a \u0644\u0644\u062f\u0627\u0644\u0651\u0629.<br \/><strong>3.<\/strong> \u0628\u0643\u0645 \u0623\u0628\u0639\u062f (\u062a\u0642\u0631\u064a\u0628\u064b\u0627) \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062f\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u0630\u064a \u064a\u0631\u0627\u0647 \u0631\u0627\u0626\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0641\u0636\u0627\u0621 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0648\u062c\u0648\u062f \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062d\u0637\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0641\u0636\u0627\u0626\u064a\u0629, \u0639\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062f\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u0630\u064a \u064a\u0631\u0627\u0647 \u0625\u0644\u0627\u0646 \u064a\u0648\u0633\u062a\u0633 \u0641\u064a \u0628\u062f\u0627\u064a\u0629 \u0645\u0633\u0627\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0633\u0642\u0648\u0637 \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0631\u061f<\/li><li><b> 1.<\/b> \u0635\u0641\u0648\u0627 \u0648\u062a\u064a\u0631\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u063a\u064a\u0651\u0631 \u0644\u0644\u062f\u0627\u0644\u0629 \\(d(h)\\).<b><br \/>2.<\/b> \u0623\u0639\u0637\u0648\u0627 \u0635\u0641\u062a\u064a\u0646 \u0645\u062e\u062a\u0644\u0641\u062a\u064a\u0646 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0642\u0644 \u0644\u0644\u062f\u0627\u0644\u0629 \\(d(h)\\) \u0648\u0630\u0644\u0643 \u0628\u0627\u0644\u0627\u0639\u062a\u0645\u0627\u062f \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u062e\u0637 \u0627\u0644\u0628\u064a\u0627\u0646\u064a.<br \/>\u0643\u064a\u0641 \u062a\u0646\u0639\u0643\u0633 \u0647\u0630\u0647 \u0627\u0644\u0635\u0641\u0627\u062a \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u062d\u064a\u0627\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u064a\u0648\u0645\u064a\u0629\u061f<b><\/b><\/li><\/ol><p>\\(\\space\\)<\/p><p><strong>\u0647\u0644 \u0639\u0631\u0641\u062a\u0645\u061f <\/strong>\u0635\u064a\u063a \u062d\u0633\u0627\u0628 \u0645\u0633\u0627\u0641\u0629 \u062e\u0637 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0641\u0642 \u0645\u0641\u064a\u062f\u0629\u060c \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0633\u0628\u064a\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062b\u0627\u0644\u060c \u0641\u064a \u062a\u062d\u062f\u064a\u062f \u0627\u0631\u062a\u0641\u0627\u0639 <a href=\"https:\/\/ar.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/\u0628\u0631\u062c_\u0645\u0631\u0627\u0642\u0628\u0629\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\"><span style=\"text-decoration: underline;\">\u0628\u0631\u062c \u0645\u0631\u0627\u0642\u0628\u0629<\/span><\/a>\u060c \u0623\u0648 \u0641\u064a \u062a\u062d\u062f\u064a\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062f\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u0630\u064a \u064a\u062c\u0628 \u0623\u0646 \u064a\u0628\u0631\u0632 \u0628\u0647 <a href=\"https:\/\/ar.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/\u0645\u0626\u0641\u0627\u0642\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\"><span style=\"text-decoration: underline;\">\u0645\u0646\u0638\u0627\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u063a\u0648\u0627\u0635\u0629 (\u0627\u0644\u0628\u0631\u064a\u0633\u0643\u0648\u0628)<\/span><\/a> \u0641\u0648\u0642 \u0633\u0637\u062d \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0627\u0621\u060c \u0644\u0645\u0631\u0627\u0642\u0628\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0633\u0641\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0639\u0627\u062f\u064a\u0629.<\/p>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-2267140 elementor-widget elementor-widget-toggle\" data-id=\"2267140\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"toggle.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-toggle\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-toggle-item\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div id=\"elementor-tab-title-3601\" class=\"elementor-tab-title\" data-tab=\"1\" role=\"button\" aria-controls=\"elementor-tab-content-3601\" aria-expanded=\"false\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<span class=\"elementor-toggle-icon elementor-toggle-icon-right\" aria-hidden=\"true\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<span class=\"elementor-toggle-icon-closed\"><i class=\"fas fa-caret-left\"><\/i><\/span>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<span class=\"elementor-toggle-icon-opened\"><i class=\"elementor-toggle-icon-opened fas fa-caret-up\"><\/i><\/span>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/span>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<a class=\"elementor-toggle-title\" tabindex=\"0\">\u0645\u0635\u0627\u062f\u0631<\/a>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\n\t\t\t\t\t<div id=\"elementor-tab-content-3601\" class=\"elementor-tab-content elementor-clearfix\" data-tab=\"1\" role=\"region\" aria-labelledby=\"elementor-tab-title-3601\"><p><a href=\"https:\/\/ar.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/%D8%A3%D9%81%D9%82\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\"><span style=\"text-decoration: underline;\">\u0648\u064a\u0643\u064a\u0628\u064a\u062f\u064a\u0627 &#8211; \u0623\u0641\u0642<\/span><\/a><\/p><\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-column elementor-col-50 elementor-inner-column elementor-element elementor-element-ff616b5\" data-id=\"ff616b5\" data-element_type=\"column\" data-e-type=\"column\" data-settings=\"{&quot;background_background&quot;:&quot;classic&quot;}\">\n\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-wrap elementor-element-populated\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-a0dd9d5 elementor-widget elementor-widget-image\" data-id=\"a0dd9d5\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"image.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<a href=\"https:\/\/maor.haifa.ac.il\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/10\/\u05db\u05de\u05d4-\u05e8\u05d7\u05d5\u05e7-\u05e7\u05d5-\u05d4\u05d0\u05d5\u05e4\u05e7-\u05d2\u05e8\u05e4\u05d9\u05dd-p01-ar.png\" data-elementor-open-lightbox=\"yes\" data-elementor-lightbox-title=\"\u05db\u05de\u05d4 \u05e8\u05d7\u05d5\u05e7 \u05e7\u05d5 \u05d4\u05d0\u05d5\u05e4\u05e7-\u05d2\u05e8\u05e4\u05d9\u05dd-p01-ar\" data-e-action-hash=\"#elementor-action%3Aaction%3Dlightbox%26settings%3DeyJpZCI6MzU0MjAsInVybCI6Imh0dHBzOlwvXC9tYW9yLmhhaWZhLmFjLmlsXC93cC1jb250ZW50XC91cGxvYWRzXC8yMDI1XC8xMFwvXHUwNWRiXHUwNWRlXHUwNWQ0LVx1MDVlOFx1MDVkN1x1MDVkNVx1MDVlNy1cdTA1ZTdcdTA1ZDUtXHUwNWQ0XHUwNWQwXHUwNWQ1XHUwNWU0XHUwNWU3LVx1MDVkMlx1MDVlOFx1MDVlNFx1MDVkOVx1MDVkZC1wMDEtYXIucG5nIn0%3D\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<img decoding=\"async\" src=\"https:\/\/maor.haifa.ac.il\/wp-content\/uploads\/elementor\/thumbs\/\u05db\u05de\u05d4-\u05e8\u05d7\u05d5\u05e7-\u05e7\u05d5-\u05d4\u05d0\u05d5\u05e4\u05e7-\u05d2\u05e8\u05e4\u05d9\u05dd-p01-ar-rd56pasf2zi8vozz0m1y5873phkij109svkhbjb5kw.png\" title=\"\u05db\u05de\u05d4 \u05e8\u05d7\u05d5\u05e7 \u05e7\u05d5 \u05d4\u05d0\u05d5\u05e4\u05e7-\u05d2\u05e8\u05e4\u05d9\u05dd-p01-ar\" alt=\"\u05db\u05de\u05d4 \u05e8\u05d7\u05d5\u05e7 \u05e7\u05d5 \u05d4\u05d0\u05d5\u05e4\u05e7-\u05d2\u05e8\u05e4\u05d9\u05dd-p01-ar\" loading=\"lazy\" \/>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/a>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/section>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/section>\n\t\t\t\t<section class=\"elementor-section elementor-top-section elementor-element elementor-element-c28fdda elementor-section-full_width elementor-section-height-min-height elementor-section-height-default elementor-section-items-middle\" data-id=\"c28fdda\" data-element_type=\"section\" data-e-type=\"section\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-container elementor-column-gap-default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-column elementor-col-100 elementor-top-column elementor-element elementor-element-f96b6e7\" data-id=\"f96b6e7\" data-element_type=\"column\" data-e-type=\"column\">\n\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-wrap elementor-element-populated\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-484426e elementor-widget elementor-widget-spacer\" data-id=\"484426e\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"spacer.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-spacer\">\n\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-spacer-inner\"><\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-9e3dd25 elementor-widget-divider--view-line_icon elementor-view-default elementor-widget-divider--element-align-center elementor-widget elementor-widget-divider\" data-id=\"9e3dd25\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"divider.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-divider\">\n\t\t\t<span class=\"elementor-divider-separator\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-icon elementor-divider__element\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<i aria-hidden=\"true\" class=\"fas fa-caret-down\"><\/i><\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/span>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-3f4d07d elementor-widget elementor-widget-heading\" data-id=\"3f4d07d\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"heading.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<h2 class=\"elementor-heading-title elementor-size-default\">\u0645\u0644\u0641 \u0644\u0644\u062a\u0646\u0632\u064a\u0644 \u0648\u0625\u0646\u062a\u0642\u0627\u0644 \u0625\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0633\u062a\u0648\u064a\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062e\u062a\u0644\u0641\u0629<\/h2>\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<section class=\"elementor-section elementor-inner-section elementor-element elementor-element-e591bea elementor-section-boxed elementor-section-height-default elementor-section-height-default\" data-id=\"e591bea\" data-element_type=\"section\" data-e-type=\"section\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-container elementor-column-gap-default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-column elementor-col-33 elementor-inner-column elementor-element elementor-element-f7ffe86\" data-id=\"f7ffe86\" data-element_type=\"column\" data-e-type=\"column\">\n\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-wrap elementor-element-populated\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-b529a34 elementor-align-center elementor-widget elementor-widget-button\" data-id=\"b529a34\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"button.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-button-wrapper\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<a class=\"elementor-button elementor-button-link elementor-size-sm\" href=\"https:\/\/maor.haifa.ac.il\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/10\/\u05db\u05de\u05d4-\u05e8\u05d7\u05d5\u05e7-\u05e7\u05d5-\u05d4\u05d0\u05d5\u05e4\u05e7-\u05d2\u05e8\u05e4\u05d9\u05dd-\u05dc\u05ea\u05dc\u05de\u05d9\u05d3-\u0627\u0644\u0639\u0631\u0628\u064a\u0629-\u05e8\u05de\u05d4-\u05de\u05ea\u05e7\u05d3\u05de\u05ea-\u05de\u05d0\u05d5\u05e8.pdf\" target=\"_blank\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<span class=\"elementor-button-content-wrapper\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<span class=\"elementor-button-icon\">\n\t\t\t\t<i aria-hidden=\"true\" class=\"fas fa-angle-double-down\"><\/i>\t\t\t<\/span>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<span class=\"elementor-button-text\">\u0645\u0644\u0641 \u0644\u0644\u062a\u0646\u0632\u064a\u0644<\/span>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/span>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/a>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-column elementor-col-33 elementor-inner-column elementor-element elementor-element-e0a35f4\" data-id=\"e0a35f4\" 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\u0628\u064a\u0627\u0646\u064a\u0651\u064b\u0627 \u0648\u0635\u0641 \u0627\u0644\u0648\u0636\u0639\u064a\u0647 \u062a\u0639\u0631\u064a\u0641\u0627\u062a \u0623\u0633\u0627\u0633\u064a\u0651\u0629 \u062e\u0637 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0641\u0642 \u0647\u0648 \u062e\u0637 \u0627\u0644\u0631\u0624\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0641\u0642\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0630\u064a \u0647\u0648 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u0631\u062a\u0641\u0627\u0639 \u0639\u064a\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u064f\u0634\u0627\u0647\u062f. \u064a\u0645\u0631\u0651 \u062e\u0637 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0641\u0642 \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0644\u062a\u0642\u0627\u0621 \u0627\u0644\u062e\u064a\u0627\u0644\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0630\u064a \u064a\u0645\u0643\u0646 \u0645\u0634\u0627\u0647\u062f\u062a\u0647 \u0628\u064a\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0633\u0645\u0627\u0621 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0623\u0631\u0636 \u0623\u0648 \u0627\u0644\u0628\u062d\u0631.\u064a\u0646\u062a\u062c \u062e\u0637 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0641\u0642 \u0645\u0646 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