{"id":20165,"date":"2024-04-01T12:21:28","date_gmt":"2024-04-01T09:21:28","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/maor.haifa.ac.il\/?p=20165"},"modified":"2025-12-16T15:19:09","modified_gmt":"2025-12-16T12:19:09","slug":"%d8%aa%d8%af%d9%81%d9%82-%d8%a7%d9%84%d9%85%d9%8a%d8%a7%d9%87-%d9%81%d9%8a-%d8%a7%d9%84%d8%ac%d8%af%d8%a7%d9%88%d9%84-%d9%85%d8%b3%d8%aa%d9%88%d9%89-%d8%b9%d8%a7%d8%af%d9%8a","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/maor.haifa.ac.il\/ar\/%d8%aa%d8%af%d9%81%d9%82-%d8%a7%d9%84%d9%85%d9%8a%d8%a7%d9%87-%d9%81%d9%8a-%d8%a7%d9%84%d8%ac%d8%af%d8%a7%d9%88%d9%84-%d9%85%d8%b3%d8%aa%d9%88%d9%89-%d8%b9%d8%a7%d8%af%d9%8a\/","title":{"rendered":"\u062a\u062f\u0641\u0642 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u064a\u0627\u0647 \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u062c\u062f\u0627\u0648\u0644 – \u0645\u0633\u062a\u0648\u0649 \u0639\u0627\u062f\u064a"},"content":{"rendered":"\t\t
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\u062a\u062f\u0641\u0651\u0642 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u064a\u0627\u0647 \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u062c\u062f\u0627\u0648\u0644<\/h1>\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t
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\u0648\u0635\u0641 \u0627\u0644\u0648\u0636\u0639\u064a\u0629<\/h2>

\u064a\u062a\u0645 \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0639\u062f\u064a\u062f \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u062c\u062f\u0627\u0648\u0644 \u0625\u0646\u0634\u0627\u0621 \u0645\u062d\u0637\u0627\u062a \u0644\u0642\u064a\u0627\u0633 \u0643\u0645\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u064a\u0627\u0647 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062a\u062f\u0641\u0651\u0642\u0629 \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u062c\u062f\u0648\u0644.
\u0643\u0645\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u064a\u0627\u0647 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u064a \u062a\u062c\u0631\u064a \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u062c\u062f\u0648\u0644 \u062a\u0633\u0645\u0649 \u062a\u062f\u0641\u0651\u0642<\/span> \u0648\u0647\u0648 \u064a\u0642\u064a\u0633 \u062d\u062c\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u064a\u0627\u0647 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u064a \u062a\u062c\u0631\u064a \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u062c\u062f\u0648\u0644 \u0641\u064a \u0648\u062d\u062f\u0627\u062a \u0632\u0645\u0646<\/span>.
\u0643\u064a \u0646\u062c\u062f \u0645\u0642\u062f\u0627\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u062f\u0641\u0651\u0642 \u064a\u062c\u0628 \u0623\u0646 \u0646\u0642\u064a\u0633 \u0633\u0631\u0639\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u064a\u0627\u0647\u060c \u0644\u0643\u0646 \u0644\u064a\u0633 \u062f\u0627\u0626\u0645\u064b\u0627 \u064a\u064f\u0645\u0643\u0646 \u0639\u0645\u0644 \u0630\u0644\u0643.
\u0644\u0630\u0644\u0643 \u0646\u0633\u062a\u062e\u062f\u0645 \u0627\u0631\u062a\u0641\u0627\u0639 \u0645\u0646\u0633\u0648\u0628 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u064a\u0627\u0647\u060c \u064a\u064f\u0645\u0643\u0646 \u0642\u064a\u0627\u0633\u0647 \u0628\u0648\u0627\u0633\u0637\u0629 \u0645\u0633\u0637\u0631\u0629 \u0645\u062b\u0628\u0651\u062a\u0629 \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u062c\u062f\u0648\u0644 \u0623\u0648 \u0628\u062c\u0647\u0627\u0632 \u0642\u064a\u0627\u0633 \u0623\u0648\u062a\u0648\u0645\u0627\u062a\u064a\u0643\u064a.
\u064a\u0648\u062c\u062f \u0628\u0627\u0644\u0646\u0633\u0628\u0629 \u0644\u062c\u062f\u0627\u0648\u0644 \u0639\u062f\u064a\u062f\u0629 \u0631\u0633\u0648\u0645 \u0628\u064a\u0627\u0646\u064a \u062a\u0645 \u0628\u0646\u0627\u0624\u0647\u0627 \u0628\u0648\u0627\u0633\u0637\u0629 \u0639\u062f\u0629 \u0646\u0642\u0627\u0637 \u0642\u064a\u0627\u0633. \u064a\u0639\u0631\u0636 \u0627\u0644\u0631\u0633\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0628\u064a\u0627\u0646\u064a \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0627\u0644\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0644\u0627\u0642\u0629 \u0628\u064a\u0646 \u0627\u0631\u062a\u0641\u0627\u0639 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u064a\u0627\u0647 \u0648\u0628\u064a\u0646 \u0645\u0642\u062f\u0627\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u062f\u0641\u0651\u0642.
\u0644\u0644\u062d\u0641\u0627\u0638 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u062f\u0642\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0631\u0633\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0628\u064a\u0627\u0646\u064a \u064a\u0646\u0641\u0651\u0630\u0648\u0646 \u0645\u0646 \u062d\u064a\u0646 \u0625\u0644\u0649 \u0622\u062e\u0631 \u0642\u064a\u0627\u0633\u0627\u062a \u0648\u064a\u0635\u062d\u062d\u0651\u0648\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0631\u0633\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0628\u064a\u0627\u0646\u064a \u0628\u0627\u0644\u0645\u0644\u0627\u0626\u0645\u0629 \u0644\u0630\u0644\u0643.<\/p>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t

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(\u064a\u0645\u0643\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0636\u063a\u0637 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0623\u064a \u0635\u0648\u0631\u0629 \u0648\u0631\u0633\u0645 \u0648\u062a\u0643\u0628\u064a\u0631\u0647\u0627)<\/p>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t

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\u0645\u0633\u0623\u0644\u0629<\/h2>

\u0623\u0645\u0627\u0645\u0643\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0631\u0633\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0628\u064a\u0627\u0646\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0630\u064a \u064a\u0648\u0636\u0651\u062d \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0644\u0627\u0642\u0629 \u0628\u064a\u0646 \u0645\u0646\u0633\u0648\u0628 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u064a\u0627\u0647 \u0648\u062a\u062f\u0641\u0651\u0642\u0647\u0627 \u0641\u064a \u0646\u0647\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0642\u0637\u0639 (\u0643\u064a\u0634\u0648\u0646) \u0627\u0644\u0630\u064a \u062d\u0635\u0644\u0646\u0627 \u0639\u0644\u064a\u0647 \u0645\u0646 \u0642\u064a\u0627\u0633\u0627\u062a \u0633\u0644\u0637\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u064a\u0627\u0647.
\u062a\u0645\u0639\u0651\u0646\u0648\u0627 \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0631\u0633\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0628\u064a\u0627\u0646\u064a \u0648\u0623\u062c\u064a\u0628\u0648\u0627 \u0639\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0633\u0626\u0644\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0627\u0644\u064a\u0629 (\u0642\u062f\u0651\u0631\u0648\u0627 \u0623\u062c\u0648\u0628\u062a\u0643\u0645).<\/p>

  1. \u0648\u0635\u0644 \u0641\u064a \u0623\u062d\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0623\u064a\u0627\u0645 \u0639\u0627\u0645\u0644 \u0645\u0646 \u0633\u0644\u0637\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u064a\u0627\u0647 \u0625\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u0646\u0647\u0631 \u0648\u0631\u0623\u0649 \u0623\u0646 \u0627\u0631\u062a\u0641\u0627\u0639 \u0645\u0646\u0633\u0648\u0628 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u064a\u0627\u0647 \u0647\u0648 12.3 \u0645.
    \u0643\u0645 \u0647\u0648 \u062a\u062f\u0641\u0642 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u064a\u0627\u0647 \u0641\u064a \u0647\u0630\u0627 \u0627\u0644\u064a\u0648\u0645\u061f<\/li>
  2. \u0641\u064a \u064a\u0646\u0627\u064a\u0631 (\u0643\u0627\u0646\u0648\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u062b\u0627\u0646\u064a) 1920\u060c \u0643\u0627\u0646\u062a \u0647\u0646\u0627\u0643 \u0639\u0627\u0635\u0641\u0629 \u0643\u0628\u064a\u0631\u0629 \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0628\u0644\u0627\u062f\u060c \u0648\u0642\u064f\u062f\u0651\u0631 \u062a\u062f\u0641\u0651\u0642 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u064a\u0627\u0647 \u0641\u064a \u0646\u0647\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0642\u0637\u0639 (\u0643\u064a\u0634\u0648\u0646) \u0628\u0640 196 \u0645\\(^3\\) \/ \u0627\u0644\u062b\u0627\u0646\u064a\u0629. \u0643\u0627\u0646 \u0647\u0630\u0627 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u062f\u0641\u0651\u0642 \u0647\u0648 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u0630\u064a \u0633\u064f\u062c\u0651\u0644 \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0628\u0644\u0627\u062f.
    \u0643\u0645 \u0643\u0627\u0646 \u0645\u0646\u0633\u0648\u0628 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u064a\u0627\u0647 \u0641\u064a \u0630\u0644\u0643 \u0627\u0644\u0648\u0642\u062a\u061f<\/li>
  3. \u0643\u064a \u0646\u0641\u062d\u0635 \u0647\u0644 \u064a\u0635\u0641 \u0627\u0644\u0631\u0633\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0628\u064a\u0627\u0646\u064a \u0628\u062f\u0642\u0629 \u0645\u0642\u062f\u0627\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u062f\u0641\u0651\u0642 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0645\u0631\u0651 \u0627\u0644\u0633\u0646\u064a\u0646\u060c \u064a\u0646\u0641\u0651\u0630 \u0639\u0645\u0651\u0627\u0644 \u0633\u0644\u0637\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u064a\u0627\u0647 \u0642\u064a\u0627\u0633 \u0641\u064a \u0643\u0644\u0651 \u0641\u0635\u0644 \u0634\u062a\u0627\u0621 \u0648\u064a\u062d\u0633\u0628\u0648\u0646 \u0628\u0634\u0643\u0644 \u0645\u0628\u0627\u0634\u0631 \u0645\u0642\u062f\u0627\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u062f\u0641\u0651\u0642.
    \u0648\u062c\u062f\u0648\u0627 \u0641\u064a \u0623\u062d\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0642\u064a\u0627\u0633\u0627\u062a \u0623\u0646 \u0645\u0642\u062f\u0627\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u062f\u0641\u0651\u0642 \u0647\u0648 125 \u0645\\(^3\\) \/ \u0627\u0644\u062b\u0627\u0646\u064a\u0629 \u0639\u0646\u062f\u0645\u0627 \u0643\u0627\u0646 \u0627\u0631\u062a\u0641\u0627\u0639 \u0645\u0646\u0633\u0648\u0628 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u064a\u0627\u0647 13.7 \u0645.
    \u0647\u0644 \u0647\u0630\u0647 \u0627\u0644\u0646\u0642\u0637\u0629 \u0645\u0648\u062c\u0648\u062f\u0629 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u0631\u0633\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0628\u064a\u0627\u0646\u064a\u061f \u0641\u0633\u0651\u0631\u0648\u0627 \u062c\u0648\u0627\u0628\u0643\u0645.<\/li><\/ol>

    \\(\\space\\)<\/p>

    \u0647\u0644 \u0639\u0631\u0641\u062a\u0645\u061f<\/strong> \u0646\u0647\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0645\u0627\u0632\u0648\u0646<\/span><\/a>\u060c \u0627\u0644\u0630\u064a \u064a\u064f\u0639\u062f\u0651 \u062a\u062f\u0641\u0651\u0642\u0647 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0643\u0628\u0631 \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0627\u0644\u0645\u060c \u064a\u0636\u062e\u0651 \u062d\u0648\u0627\u0644\u064a 220 \u0623\u0644\u0641 \u0645\u062a\u0631 \u0645\u0643\u0639\u0628 \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u064a\u0627\u0647 \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u062b\u0627\u0646\u064a\u0629 \u062d\u064a\u0646 \u064a\u0641\u064a\u0636\u060c \u0628\u064a\u0646\u0645\u0627 \u064a\u0636\u062e\u0651 \u0646\u0647\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0631\u062f\u0646\u060c \u0648\u0647\u0648 \u0646\u0647\u0631 \u0635\u063a\u064a\u0631\u060c 16 \u0645\u062a\u0631\u064b\u0627 \u0645\u0643\u0639\u0628\u064b\u0627 \u0641\u0642\u0637 \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u064a\u0627\u0647 \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u062b\u0627\u0646\u064a\u0629 \u0625\u0644\u0649 \u0628\u062d\u064a\u0631\u0629 \u0637\u0628\u0631\u064a\u0627<\/span><\/a> (\u0627\u0644\u0643\u0650\u0646\u0650\u0651\u0631\u0650\u062a).<\/p>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t

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    \n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/i><\/span>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/i><\/span>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/span>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\u0645\u0635\u0627\u062f\u0631<\/a>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\n\t\t\t\t\t

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